What conditions can lead to brake rotor warping?

Brake rotor warping is primarily caused by excessive heat and improper installation. When brakes are applied, the friction between the brake pads and the rotors generates heat. If this heat exceeds the rotor's ability to dissipate it, or if the rotors are subjected to uneven heating, deformation can occur, leading to warping. This is exacerbated by improper installation techniques, such as not following the proper torque specifications when mounting the rotor, which can result in uneven contact with the brake pads.

Proper rotor installation is crucial in ensuring uniform pressure and heat distribution during braking. If the rotor is not secured evenly, it can warp under the stress of braking. Additionally, excessive heat can be generated from driving habits, heavy loads, or even from using the brakes too frequently in quick succession, especially in downhill conditions.

Understanding this principle is vital for maintaining brake efficiency and safety. The other choices relate less directly to rotor warping or do not factor in the fundamental mechanics of heat and installation issues that critically impact the rotors' integrity.